The Economic Consequences of the Opium Wardoi:10.2139/ssrn.3949214This paper studies the economic consequences of the West's foray into China after the Opium War (1839-42), when Western colonial influence was introduced in dozKeller, WolfgangShiue, Carol H.Social Science Electronic Publishing...
Western imperialist aggression forced China to enter into an unequal treaty system in the aftermath of the First Opium War between China and Britain 1839-1842), beginning with the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842. In the domestic realm, there occurred a number of rebellions, such as the Taiping ...
But in a country where over 40% of the population are hill-tribesmen, many of them dependent on opium as a cash-crop and for medicine, it is proving tricky. International NGOs are worried about the humanitarian cost of the war on drugs, which has already caused the displacement of some ...
This paper casts light on the myth, current in China before the Opium War, that the Europeans could not survive without rhubarb. The myth has its roots in differences between pharmaceutical theories and material culture in the Chinese and Western traditions. In China, rhubarb was considered a ...
A History of War To reduce the trade deficit, the BritishEast India Companyand other British merchants turned toopium. The nonmedical use of that drug had been illegal in China since the early 1700s, though this prohibition had not been successfully enforced. Over the next several decades, Ch...
Unequal treaty, in Chinese history, any of a series of treaties and agreements in which China was forced to concede many of its territorial and sovereignty rights. They were negotiated during the 19th and early 20th centuries between China and foreign im