Morphine as a conditioned stimulus in a conditioned emotional response paradigm. Psychopharmacology 112:277-284.Bormann, N. M. and Overton, D. A. (1993). Morphine as a conditioned stimulus in a conditioned emotional --response paradigm. Psychopharmacology, 112, 277- ?RA.....
unconditioned stimulus (the unconditioned response—UR). In fear conditioning, the US is an aversive fear-eliciting stimulus such as painful electric shock or loud noise, the CS is a neutral tone or light stimulus. The unconditioned and the conditioned response consist of changes on the ...
When this stimulus is consistently present, the natural outcome (reflexive response) is the dog’s salivation (dog’s physical reactions), an unconditioned response (UCR). This reaction is inherent to thedogand does not necessitate deliberate training. ...
The jump is a natural response to the sound, humans are born to respond to loud noise. Humans are also born to instinctively avoid or pull away when something is hot and could harm them. When an unconditioned stimulus, like the loud noise, is paired with a neutral item, such as a ...
and UCR is unlearned; that is, the responses are “automatically” elicited (Cooper et al.2007). On the other hand, a stimulus-response association can be learned, when the UCS is paired or presented together with a neutral stimulus (NS; i.e., a stimulus that would not normally elicit...
After several such pairings, the presence of the conditioned stimulus alone comes to elicit the reflex response, now called the conditioned response. The bases for language repertoires: functional stimulus-response relations The initial neutral stimulus is called the Conditioned Stimulus (CS) and the ...
unconditioned stimulus (the unconditioned response—UR). In fear conditioning, the US is an aversive fear-eliciting stimulus such as painful electric shock or loud noise, the CS is a neutral tone or light stimulus. The unconditioned and the conditioned response consist of changes on the ...
Overt behavior and ultrasonic vocalization in a fear conditioning paradigm: A dose–response study in the rat we tested male Wistar rats in a paradigm of Pavlovian fear conditioning, where a tone stimulus (CS) was preceding an aversive foot-shock (US) in a ... M Wöhr,A Borta,RKW Schwa...
Classically conditioned stimulus;Conditional stimulus;Conditioned reflex Definition A conditioned stimulus is any stimulus that prior to learning did not induce any particular response. Yet, through the acquisition of an association with a biologically significant stimulus it acquires the ability to induce ...
Conditioned stimulus (CS) A stimulus that does not elicit any overt behavioral response prior to associative learning. Expansion recoding The means of transforming, or expanding, a given input into a sparse or distributed representation to make the problem of pattern separation and recognition easier ...