The use of innovative composite-based strengthening solutions would prolong the service life of reinforced concrete (RC) structures, reduce the operational cost, and minimize the repair cycles. Fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites involve the use of nonmetallic fabrics and cement-based...
Awareness of sustainability in construction has led to the utilization of waste material such as oil palm shell (OPS) in concrete production. The feasibility of OPS as alternative aggregates in concrete has been widely studied at the material level. Meanwhile, nonlinear concrete material properties ...