With the increasing use of pumping to place concrete, the development and refinement of the industry practice to ensure successful concrete pumping are becoming important needs for the concrete construction industry. To date, research on concrete pumping has been largely limited to a few theses and ...
For the case of the gaps formed by the joint of the blocks, this was not necessary, since b’’ is constant for the whole height of the block. The area of the wall gaps were determined from digital photographs, which were imported into a Computer Aided Design (CAD) software used for ...