doi:10.1080/026143697375458NashRexTaylor & FrancisLeisure StudiesNash, R. (1997). Research note: Concept and method in researching the football crowd. Leisure Studies, 15, 127-131.
Check that your demographic questions have the appropriate answer options to meet your research needs. If you’re going to break down millennials’ responses to baby boomers’, make sure your answer options have the right age ranges. Use the demographic questions in SurveyMonkey’s question bank....
1. It was inspired by the probability of target attainment (PTA) approach, established in antibiotic research [21,22,23]. The PTA approach maps out the cumulative distribution of an efficacy-driving PKPD index in a patient population. The usual index is AUC:MIC ratio, Cmax:MIC ratio or ...
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Supplementary information Supplementary Information About this article Cite this article Zheng, G., Shen, C., Jiang, S.et al.Concept, implementations and applications of...
A detailed discussion of related work can be found in Supplementary Note 1. In this work, we connect lines of local and global XAI research by introducing Concept Relevance Propagation (CRP) and Relevance Maximization (RelMax), a set of next-generation XAI techniques that explain individual ...
Ethical approval was granted by Ethics Review Committees for Research at Ritsumeikan University (BKC-2020–061) on December 10, 2020. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.Additional information Publisher’s Note Springer Nature remains neutra...
Manually annotated, or “gold-standard”, corpora are increasingly important for the development of sophisticated NLP systems, both as training data and for evaluative purposes. Use of manually annotated biomedical corpora in NLP research has consistently led to improved results. In a study by Tomane...
[0,K-1],\)we sample\({a}_{t+i} \sim \pi ({\cdot |}{s}_{t+i})\)by the policy model. The next hidden state\({s}_{t+i+1}\)is then derived given the previous hidden state\({s}_{t+i}\)and the generated action\({a}_{t+i}\)— that is,\({s}_{t+i+1},{r...
Academic self-concept has a pronounced role in high ability students' academic achievement. Current conceptions of self-concept are multidimensional, hierarchical, and influenced by internal valuations and external comparisons. This research utilized the NELS:88 dataset; the sample consisted of high abilit...
Sample preparation, melanin oxidation and LC-UV-MS analyses Two major morphs ofC. nemoralis(pink banded and yellow banded) were investigated. Their corresponding colour-sorted shell fragments were as follows: pink background; brown band on pink background; yellow background; brown band on yellow ...