subsuming concepts. Because a concept is defined in terms of the subsuming concepts, all the parameters restrictions must apply to the children. In order to achieve this effect, KL-ONE provides inheritance faci
Finally, Wikipedia contains different kinds of information about entities such as textual description, linked mentions, while the content of UMLS is limited and complex. In [34], Nadkarni et al. explored the feasibility of using UMLS to identify concepts in discharge summaries and surgical notes. ...
Emergent properties are not unique to life. A box of bicycle parts won’t transport you anywhere, but if they are arranged in a certain way, you can pedal to your chosen destination. Compared with such nonliving examples, however, biological systems are far more complex, making the emergent ...
Concept maps can serve as versatile tools for learning, teaching, and assessment to support integrating complex concepts. Research suggests that concept maps can be successfully implemented in a wide variety of settings, from K12 to higher and professional education. However, the effectiveness of conce...
For example, My_iterator might be a type that required complex template instantiation that we specifically don't want done or maybe My_iterator does have the syntactic properties of a Forward_iterator, but for some semantic reason we don't want it considered a Forward_iterator (see 6.6). ...
Inheritance sometimes leads to complex and complicated structure Composition over Inheritance :) How it solves the problem: Wrapping an object with Decorator class Example protocol Computer { var cost: Double { get } var description: String { get } } // Class we want to decorate class Desktop...
important political-economic and socio-cultural dimensions which are much more than the mere dissemination of technical knowledge. Their extremely complex social role can involve the transformation of extant social dynamics (e.g., hierarchies and power relations) within the community (Taylor & Bhasme,...
Previous studies suggest that the hybrid zone between two taxa in the Piriqueta caroliniana complex in central Florida (south-eastern North America) has recently expanded with hybrids replacing parental genotypes across a broad region of the Florida peninsula. Here I use patterns of genetic disequilibr...
“In this animal complex, the gut microbiome and host genome represent a co-adapted hologenome that breaks down during hybridization, promoting hybrid lethality and assisting speciation.” Similar results were obtained in two house mice subspecies, suggesting that microbiomes could also contribute to ...
Complex Concept Connector Patterns The following are invalid patterns: (NOTE: regular expressions follow summary.) The connectors can not appear next to each other (ex. and and) (ex. and or) (\sand|\sor|\s(((w/|pre/)|pre/)[1-9][0-9]*(~~[1-9][0- ...