This voltage must be present whenever AC power is applied to the supply. It powers the circuits that remain operational when the main DC output rails are disabled. See design example of a simple 12V flyback. If you want to learn the main SMPS topologies, as well as transformer equations ...
• Switched-Mode Power Supply (SMPS) is an electronic circuit which converts the power using switching devices that are turned on and off at high frequencies, and storage components such as indicators or capacitors to supply power when the switching device is in its non-conduction state. It ...
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