The words “molecule” and “compound” get thrown around very casually, often interchangeably, in any conversation about chemistry or material sciences. There is a good reason for this—the formal definitions are very nuanced, and there is some overlap, as well as debate about the boundaries of...
the compound we call water is created by combining the elements hydrogen and oxygen. One molecule of water is always made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. This is why water is referred to as H₂O in science. Water is created when elements chemically...
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), known as a catechin monomer, is the most abundant flavan-3-ol molecule in tea leaves. EGCG can trigger apoptosis in various cancers by enhancing the ratio between two proteins, Bax and Bcl-2, but gallic acid can induce apoptosis by increasing initiator caspase-...
[104]. Both versions of bioassays are based on genetically modified yeast cells containing the humanestrogen receptorgene incorporated into the main genome. Activation of the receptor by estrogen/xenoestrogen molecule leads to the expression of the reporter gene Lac-Z, which encodes β-galactosidase....
Ginkgo biloba extract inhibits tumor necrosis factor-induced reactive oxygen species generation, transcription factor activation, and cell adhesion molecule expression in human aortic endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003;23:1559–66. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Chen JS, Huang PH...
Even if the residual part of the molecule remained folded as in the wild-type (Fig. 4B), the EF-Ts surface involved in interaction with EF-Tu would be greatly reduced (from about 1570 to 1075 Å2), resulting in weaker binding. In the wild-type model (Fig. 4A), p.Leu169 is ...
Higher expression of genes encodes for the signaling molecule of jasmonate and phenylpropanoid pathways were observed in Penicillium digitatum and Fusarium oxysporum infection in citrus fruits, and tomato (Hammerbacher et al., 2019). These processes under genotypic control lead to changes in the ...
The complex (17) actually exists as an unusual trimer which is held together by long bridging interactions between the copper atom in one molecule and one of the hydroxy oxygen atoms from the adjacent molecules. Sign in to download full-size image In addition to the 1:1 square planar Cu2+...
4 where each compound is represented by nodes of common adducts, subnetworks from extract libraries can include multiple nodes for a single molecule (e.g., adducts, fragments, multiply charged species) that increase the number of candidate structures. After filtering to remove artifacts and media ...
During the last decade, Virtual Screening (VS) has definitively established itself as an important part of the drug discovery and development process. VS involves the selection of likely drug candidates from large libraries of chemical structures by usin