For each algorithm, we provided the RNN with all permutations of all 462 instances (55,440 permutations in total) and their corresponding solutions as targets. For the Sahni-2 RNN, we randomly picked an order fo
The basis is a cognitive theory of coherence relations (Sanders et al., 1992) that makes predictions about the order in which the relations and their linguistic expressions are acquired, because they show an increasing cognitive complexity. The child language literature lends support to two ...
It is thus a core requirement of npj Complexity that manuscripts published by the journal be readable to its broad target audience in order for pre- and post-publication peer review to transcend disciplinary boundary. To quote the great Murray Gell-Mann, physicist turned complexity scientist14, at...
Complexity theory is the science of studying complex adaptive systems, as they appear in biology, crowd control and engineering. The increasing complexity of the financial system and the financial crisis of 2008/2009 have brought the theory to the forefront of our thinking about systemic risk. In...
As discussed previously, complexity in embedded system development is undoubtedly increasing. Hence, the question arises of which strategies are most effective to escape the complexity trap and move to the Goldilocks zone. Generally, there are four strategies for managing complexity effectiv...
For example, glass-production efficiency is sensitive to minimum order quantity, product deformation, and thickness. Especially in lower-premium segments, where the need to maximize efficiencies is especially high, best practices favor standardized bottle shapes and dimensions; ...
Thus, a model, while simplified, must remain meaningfully connected to the thing that it represents in order to be useful in solving problems.A domain model is no different. It is a widely accepted fact in software that domain models are intended to represent a business domain or “problem ...
Chapter 4 System Software In order to cope with the complexity of applications of embedded systems, reuse of components is a key technique. As pointed out by Sangiovanni-Vincentelli [476], software and hardware components must be reused in the platform-based design methodology (see p. 296). ...
In order to improve both power and spectral efficiency, countermeasures have to be put in place. Transmitter techniques, known as digital predistortion (DPD), pre-process the signal with an equivalent inverse channel function to reduce the generated interference while receiver equalization (EQ) perform...
Armstrong and Zhou (2011) explore ways in which a firm can become prominent: intermediaries may steer consumers to one firm for a fee, price advertisements may affect the order in which firms’ offers are sampled, or consumers’ default biases may be a source of prominence. See also Rhodes ...