Therefore, it is difficult to directly explore the relationship between the startup depths of pumps and the optimization objectives. As such, the range of startup depths allowed in the optimization is restricted to values between Hmin and Hmax. The objective function (Equation (1)) is shown ...
HTR-PM is already an economy scale. With discount rates between 5% and 10%, the LCOE values of HTR-PM, CAREM 100 MW, and VBER 300 MW range from 0.06 USD to 0.12 USD per kWh. Other than hydropower and coal-fired power plants, these LCOE figures can compete with the local LCOE in ...
Just as the price for these technologies continues to come down, the gains in range and efficiency continue to rise. Combining lightweight engineering with an ultra-efficient hybrid engine, the 2017 Prius Prime is pushing the boundary of what's possible plug-in hybrid vehicles. 7. Refueling ...
To investigate the possible range of probability assumptions and its effects, three SP scenarios are spread evenly between the assumed price pathways (referred to as “low high”, “low medium”, “medium high”). The numbers below the stochastic scenarios indicate the occurrence probability for ...
The interviews showed that lower values (lower water security) are due to the disconnection to the main canals of Water 2017, 9, 286 11 of 20 some farmers or destroyed pumps for lifting water from the main canal to further downstream canals. Some of the farm household plots in Tajikistan ...