• The resistance of a component does not depend on the frequency or the phase of the input signal, but the impedance does. • A convention is made to measure the pure resistance value and the imaginary resistive value parallel to each other; complex algebra is used to solve the impedanc...
Where F is the force, K is the Coulomb’s constant, q1 and q2 are signed magnitudes of the charges, and the scalar “r” is the distance between the charges. The force acts along a straight line, which joins the two charges. The charges have the same sign, and the electrostatic ...