A combustion reaction can be defined as a reaction in which a substance burns in oxygen with the release of carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of heat, light, and even sound. It is always exothermic. This form of combustion is called complete combustion. Hydrocarbons are available...
Oxidation catalysts withstanding high temperatures and a combustion process employing such catalysts. According to the invention the catalysts comprise a support of spinel structure of general formula ABB'O4, in which A denotes an element chosen from the elements of groups IIA, IIB and of the first...
These reactions always have an oxygen molecule oxidizing (most commonly) hydrocarbons, which yield water vapor and carbon dioxide. Other by-products are produced in small quantities, which are the following: Carbon monoxide CO. Nitrogen dioxide NO2. Particulate matter PM, which are solid and ...
Soot is a general term that represents the impure solid carbon particles, which are produced through a number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that result from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels [170]. As highlighted in [171], soot is an important contributor to the ...
The secondary atomization process has been studied by laser light scattering and a beneficial effect of water on soot formation was detected [43]. Based on systematic work on microexplosions of water-in-hydrocarbon emulsions, using a range of hydrocarbons from hexane to hexadecane, also including ...
Gases released into the atmosphere by fuel combustion process are: CO2, SO2, H2O, N2, O2, CO, NOx, PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), VOCs (volatile organic compounds), dioxins, furans. Lately it was started the separate monitoring of CH4 methane from volatile organic compounds, these re...
51. As shown in Supplementary Table2, most of the rate constants agree well with the GRI_Mech data48. The main source of error might come from the uncertainties of parameters in the Arrhenius formula and the completeness of sampling. Ideally, one should run many trajectories with different ...
For large hydrocarbons, the requisite behaviors frequently vary with reaction temperature and pressure, having pressure/temperature regimes in which very different reaction paths control these phenomena. At high temperatures (> ~1100 K) fuel oxidative pyrolysis, fragment interactions, and the reactions of...
Theoretical models of droplet combustion give insight into the dependence of the rate of combustion on the various chemical and physical processes that occur. All commercial fuels consist of mixtures of hydrocarbons which may have widely differing boiling points. Their behavior when burning may thus ...
An aspect of the present disclosure is a process for generating work, in particular via a combustion cycle. The process comprises the steps of compressing an oxidator, e.g. air. The process further comprises mixing the oxidator with a reductor, in particular a fuel, e.g. hydrocarbons such ...