The present invention provides a functional fluid suitable for use in an internal combustion engine, comprising: (a) a major amount of a base fluid; (b) a minor amount of a polysubstituted alkanol amine derivative reaction product obtainable by reacting: (i) a carboxylate compound of formula ...
The invention provides gasoline compositions comprising a major amount of a gasoline suitable for use in spark-ignition engines and a minor amount of an alkali metal salt of a partial ester of an alkyl polyether alcohol of the general formula <CHEM> in which n is an integer from 4 to 25,...
11 The combustion of gasoline and diesel fuels – mixtures of many hydrocarbon compounds – can be approximated by using iso-octane, n-heptane, and their blends, so-called primary reference fuel (PRF).18 For PRF, almost 1000 species and 5000 reactions are represented in a detailed mechanism....
Engine Fueled with Alcohol/Gasoline Blends, Applied Energy 1, 10 & fig. By no later than the applicable date set forth in Appendix 1.1, the Applicable Defendant must operate each Covered Flare with a minimum of a 98% Combustion Efficiency at all times when Waste Gas is vented to it....
combustion reaction formula for methanol –gasoline blend with oxygen enrichment was presented as a function of blending ratio for stoichiometric, rich and lean mixtures. The flame temperature of all the fuel blends was calculated by making use of the HPFLAME software. Also, this part includes the...
Organic materials undergoing bacterial composting can generate enough heat to reach the point of combustion.Turbulent Combustion resulting in a turbulent flame is the most used for industrial applications (e.g. gas turbines, gasoline engines, etc.) because the turbulence helps the mixing process ...
of gasoline.Preferred solvents are oxygenated hydrocarbons such as ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, and methyl tertiary butyl ether, and will preferably be employed in amounts of less than 5% of the weight of the gasoline to provide oxygen and the metal at a weight ratio of from 1,000:1 to 100,...
Xu et al. [33] studied the effects of piston bowl geometry on in-cylinder combustion and engine performance of a gasoline DI compression ignition engine. The study concluded that, to improve engine efficiency and decrease emissions simultaneously, the piston bowl geometry and injection strategy ...
(hydrogen, methane, butane, propane) with basic fuels (gasoline, iso-octane, benzene, toluene, hexane, ethanol, methanol) and evaluated the theoretical performance of an SI engine; the results emphasized that the additional fuels significantly modified the energy and exergy characteristics of the ...
The purpose of this work is to review the research done on LI of internal combustion engines, especially on gasoline engines. A short history of LI development will be presented in section2. Section3is dedicated to the steps taken to develop a spark-plug-like laser system and its application...