The combined gas law puts the previous three laws together into one formula, taking the kinetic theory of gasses into account. The kinetic theory of gasses describes gasses as collections of particles that essentially move freely. Each particle has mass and its own kinetic energy. For a gas in...
For Le > 1, the effect of the increase in the thermal expansion coefficient on the flashback tendency is much less pronounced. Keywords: boundary layer flashback; laminar flame; thermal gas expansion; Lewis number effect1. Introduction The drive towards carbon neutrality has recently prompted a ...
The drying activation energy is an important metric for determining the difficulty of the drying process. The lower the value, the simpler it is to dry. Figure 6 depicts the connection between ln(Deff) and 1/(T + 273.15) in IR-HAD and HAD drying. According to the Arrhenius formula (Equa...
RTE is the ratio of total electrical energy output to the total fuel and electrical energy input for a full charge/discharge cycle and can be calculated using the following formula: 𝑅𝑇𝐸=∫𝑇𝑊𝑂𝑈𝑇∫𝑇𝑊𝐼𝑁=∫𝑇dc𝑊t+∫𝑇𝑎𝑙𝑙(𝑊𝑀𝐺𝑇+𝑊𝑆...
In tanks, the generated hydrogen is kept, enabling the utilization of the gas for both short- and long-term storage. In comparison to large-scale storage systems such as batteries or pumped hydro storage, the efficiency of hydrogen storage is quite high [36]. The storage system operates accor...
The following formula determines the interception factor based on Gi, IG, and C: γinterception=IG(β)Gi(β)+1C(1−IG(β)Gi(β))γinterception=IGβGiβ+1C1−IGβGiβ (8) where, Gi, IG, and C are the global and direct irradiation and the concentration factor, respectively. 3....
The following formula determines the interception factor based on Gi, IG, and C: γinterception=IG(β)Gi(β)+1C(1−IG(β)Gi(β))γinterception=IGβGiβ+1C1−IGβGiβ (8) where, Gi, IG, and C are the global and direct irradiation and the concentration factor, respectively. 3....
The peak tailing for the drug was measured. A useful and practical measurement of peak shape, peak tailing, and theoretical plate count was determined. Column plate number was determined using the formula N = 5.54 (TR/Wh)2, where TR is the peak retention time and Wh is the bandwidth at ...
Development of the Colle-Salvetti correlation-energy formula into a functional of the electron density. Phys. Rev. B 1988, 37, 785. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 40. Schmidt, M.W.; Baldridge, K.K.; Boatz, J.A.; Elbert, S.T.; Gordon, M.S.; Jensen, J.H.; Koseki, S.; Matsunaga, N....
The fitting formula between the temperature and pressure of saturated steam is shown in Equation (17): T = 202.7651P0.2148 − 22.907 (17) where Ti can be taken as the average value of steam temperature at the beginning and end of pipeline i, as shown in Equation (18): Ti = 101.38255...