This position resonates with discourses on devolution, where privatization and downsizing of state control on one hand, and community empowerment on the other, have replaced earlier State-control centred narratives [45]. This polarized debate has led to a long-lasting standoff between the opposing ...
Surprisingly, the results suggest that farmers' level of education has no significant influence on their motivation for Fairtrade certification. Moreover, lower-income and smaller-scale coffee farmers are less economically and environmentally motivated for Fairtrade certification. In light of these ...
Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is a technology of interest to the industry, which represents an alternative to conventional extraction processes [5]. This technique has little impact on the environment, compared to traditional techniques, and MAE has aroused great interest for its application in...
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As recently reviewed, caffeine and the tannins contained in the coffee fruit are toxic to several aquatic organisms, while the contained chlorogenic acid has negative effects on seed germination and plant growth [6]. Some approaches for the valorization of coffee by-products are its usage as a ...
Discussions about direct trade can become muddled as the term is used in three different ways in the coffee industry: first, as a general concept for coffee sourcing; second, as a marketing strategy; and third, as a voluntary scheme. In this article, we will focus specifically on direct ...
1. Introduction The extraction of volatile compounds from liquid samples is herein evaluated for the first time using a fan assisted extraction system based on the full evaporation technique (FET). The fan assisted extraction system was originally exploited in solid samples in the characterization of...