Until then, coffee trading was regulated by the International Coffee Agreement of 1962. This agreement sought to maintain stability of exports and coffee prices. However, in 1973, there was a severe coffee crisis due to a higher supply than demand, and coffee prices plummeted. The Netherlands ...
“After the devastating droughts of the 1970’s and 1980’s, African farmers in the Sahel region mobilized to reclaim their land from the encroaching desert. Thirty years later, their work has secured 13 million acres of farmland, fed 3 million people, recharged village wells, and supplied use...
Three factors irritated anger of soldiers as they thought they were relatively deprived. The first was the policy of U.S. military and its own conservative culture. The all-volunteer military thinned the line between the armed forces and society. During the Vietnam War, the social crisis within...
The coffee crisis and response in northern Nicaragua Nicaragua’s economy is still largely dependent on agriculture. Coffee accounts for an estimated 30% of the foreign currency generated from agricultural exports. When the coffee prices crashed in 1999-2003, three of the six largest national banks...
“We are at our limit,” he said. “The good grower is at a break-even point. That’s about 5% of producers. Everyone else is losing money.” Beyond the international crisis, Mexico is suffering from an internal crisis--the accumulation of decades of problems. ...
In Rwanda, too, the supposedly tireless coffee “cow” bestowed by missionaries finally lost its footing; one of several reasons for the country’s eventual slide into a deep economic crisis. The fact that approximately 300,000 farmers uprooted their coffee plants in the early 1990s speaks volume...
It finds that African coffee is now re-exported from Europe at an average mark-up of over 300%, compared to just over 50% in the 1970s and 1980s. These trends have prompted a crisis for producers, and reflect the growth, expansion and extended control over production of European ...
crisisgroup.org The United States implements the assetfreezepursuant to Presidential authorities under the Constitution and the laws of [...] daccess-ods.un.org daccess-ods.un.org 美国依照《宪法》赋予总统的权力和美利坚合众国法律冻结资产,相关法律 包括《国际紧急经济权力法》(《美国联邦法典》第 ...
In 1982, Tylenol was the target of a tampering case in the Chicago area that killed seven people when it was determined the product had been laced with cyanide. Johnson & Johnson’s response is considered the gold standard in handling such a crisis. The company put out mass warnings, ...
This experiment in dictatorship was not repeated, and Costa Rica continued its tradition of democratic elections and orderly government. Aliteracy testfor voters was adopted in 1920 and thesecret ballotin 1925. Costa Rica’s most serious political crisis since 1917 came in 1948. Former president Raf...