Coevolution can be defined as evolutionary changes that occur within two or more organisms as a response to interactions between them and the resulting mutual selective pressures that those interactions cause. This chapter discusses coevolutionary mechanisms between human hosts and their pathogens and gi...
Fig. 2. We enrich current philosophical perspectives about AI, i.e., technology-centred AI, human-centred AI, and collective intelligence, with a new dimension that can be defined as society-centred AI. Society-centred AI brings three additional elements to the debate. The remainder of the pa...
Therefore, the size of the solar system-scaled dynamo machine can be well-defined as at least one light year’s big. Within such a colossal solar magnetic field, the rotating-orbiting synchronized motion of each individual planetary rotor would cause its magnetic field lines to be frequently ...
Here, the concept of matter-gene can be defined as a group of unique complex ratios of some particular isotopes and isomers that were inherited by the Sun and the planets via the stellar-merger mechanism. So the rule of double-sourced matter-gene inheritance is a basic cosmic common rule sh...
Such systemic phenomena as these must be explored by means of observational methods which are themselves based on systemic principles. Presented as candidates for this task are procedure for constructing a "context map" of such dually defined therapy sessions, and a procedure for assessing the ...
Speciation is defined as the evolution of reproductive isolation (reduced gene exchange) between populations (Coyne and Orr 2004). An extraordinary aspects of the stickleback species pairs is their youth—they occur only in lakes that formed 10– 12,000 years old. Like most very young species ...
1f–h). The external surface of the structureless layer is smooth and can show a subtle polygonal texture defined by polygons 10–15 µm wide (Fig. 1e, h). The fibrous layer also shows polygons (Figs. 1f, h and 2a–e, and Supplementary Fig. 6) that contain arrays of densely ...
spatiotemporally associated with kimberlites (Methods). This analysis confirms that magmatism can theoretically only explain a very small portion of the broad cooling trend observed over time (Extended Data Fig.8a). The first-order trends are more consistent with denudation, as suggested previously48....
How are species defined by the paleontological species concept? What are the characteristics of ecological succession? How are amphibian metamorphosis and insect metamorphosis alike and different? Explore our homework questions and answers library
provided that its later lateral gene transfer from one to the other can be ruled out, as it can for the complex characters shown. The major uncertainty is whether there were only one centriole and cilium as shown or more likely two of each [9]. In addition to the pellicular microtubules...