Some authors believe that the first cocoa trees were planted there by the native Caribbean people, while others indicate that cocoa was introduced in the seventeenth century. Since then, the history of cocoa fa
Quite recently virus outbreaks were also found in western Côte d’Ivoire, where the CSSVD was thought to have been eradicated since the 1950s [18]. Given the size of the cocoa area and the fact that also symptomless trees may carry the virus, it is clear that removal of infected ...
with its center of diversity in Central and South America was first introduced to West Africa in the mid-19th century and today the region produces 70% of the world's cocoa. Several distinct cocoa types have been introduced, cultivated, and intercrossed across the region. Also, bi-parental ...
Cocoa Alternative Development: The idea was to upcycle the byproduct of industries to create a cost-effective and environmentally friendly substitute for traditional cacao-based chocolate. They chose Brewer’s Spent Grain (BSG), a byproduct of beer brewing, to develop a patent-pending chocolate...
The Linhares site was selected due to the abundant Conilon coffee production in the Espírito Santo region which provides approximately 70% of Brazil's output[2] - a potential growth driver for the global supply of robusta coffee beans. The site complements ofi’s existing soluble coffee ...
The name theobromine itself pays homage to the plant in which it was first discovered in 1841 by Alexander Woskresensky, Theobroma cacao (Bibra, 1995). Though theobromine is found in several plants, the primary sources of theobromine in the human diet are chocolate and cocoa powder. The ...
Vascular streak dieback (VSD) disease is a fungal disease caused byCeratobasidium theobromae. It is one of the cocoa diseases responsible for decreasing cocoa production in Southeast Asia, as it kills many young trees and causes dieback on mature trees. VSD was first reported in Papua New Guinea...
(Yes, I know it’s April first, but this is not a joke) 13 Feb 2015 Community MCE Conf 2015 by Marcus Zarra Late last year I was contacted by the organizers of MCE Conf and was asked to speak. Since it fit within my schedule (which can be its own challenge these days) I accept...
23). Building upon previous work on relations of production from Cobbett, Marx and Polanyi (Scoones, 2015) and entitlement and capability theories from Amartya Sen (1985), the concept of sustainable livelihoods was first introduced by Chambers and Conway (1992): A livelihood comprises the ...
The alkalizing process was invented in the first half of the 19th century in the Netherlands. It improves the quality of cocoa powder in two ways: 1. It takes away the slightly acid taste of cocoa. 2. It makes the color darker. This is due to condensation reactions forming high-molecular...