I. Cocaine is a CNS stimulant derived from the coca plant (Erythroxylum spp.). II. It is a Schedule II drug and is medically used as a topical, local anesthetic in people. III. In general, it is found in two forms. A. Hydrochloride salt: powdered, soluble form B. “Free-base”: ...
Schedule II Cocaine is a stimulant drug that usually comes as a fine, white powder. While cocaine delivers a euphoric rush of energy, it also has dangerous effects on the body. The drug can trigger heart attacks, strokes and sudden death — and it’s powerfully addictive. Treatment offers ...
In the United States, cocaine is an illegal drug. It’s classified as a Schedule II substance. That means it has a high potential for abuse. But doctors can legally use it in limited ways for medical purposes. For example, it may be given as a local anesthetic during some eye, ear, ...
Body stuffers are those who hastily down several packets to hide the evidence, usually during a traffic stop or drug bust. Stuffers ingest fewer packets, but the packets are not wrapped well for ingestion and the risk of rupture or leak into the GI tract is greater. Show moreView ...
All rats were trained to press an active lever for cocaine reward (i.v. infusion of cocaine hydrochloride) for at least 10 days on a fixed ratio 1 (FR1) schedule of reinforcement in 2 h sessions to reach a criterion of 410 cocaine infusions/day (0.2 mg/50 μl infusion for males, ...
As an original cast member of Saturday Night Live and star of movies like Animal House and The Blues Brothers, John Belushi is secure in his spot as one of the world's most beloved comedians. But like many other celebrities, he had a powerful dark side, and even after his passing John...
Cocaine is the principal alkaloid of Erythoxylon coca, a shrub that grows in the Andean Highlands and the northwestern portions of the Amazon River in South America. The coca plant has been cultivated by the Indians in these areas for several thousand ye
food. Furthermore, the FR schedule of food delivery was manipulated to determine whether increased drug choice under a VR (compared with a FR) schedule depends on the size of the schedule of nondrug reinforcement. Methods Adult female (n = 2) and male (n = 4) monkeys chose ...
11 and oral cocaine self-administration has been used previously in rats and nonhuman primates.12–15 Moreover, an advantage of this approach over intravenous delivery methods is that it allows for a non-drug control group that robustly responds for reinforcement, and here, it allowed us to ...
The present study extends these strain comparisons to a previously untested measure-demand analysis. In Experiment 1, four Fischer and four Lewis rats earned their daily food ration by lever pressing under a fixed-ratio schedule, the size of which was increased every three sessions from 3 to 1...