R., 2003a. Concepts of ecosystem, level, and scale. In Bodini A. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS). EOLSS Publishers, Oxford. Christian, R. R., 2003b. Coastal initiative of the global terrestrial observing system. Ocean and Coastal Management 46: 313–321. CrossRef ...
Understanding how they are shaped and why they change is crucial to our future.Introduction to Coastal Processes and Geomorphology examines coastal systems through the processes and landforms that are found in major coastal environments worldwide. The major factors controlling coastal morphodynamic ...
et al. Worldwide typology of nearshore coastal systems: defining the estuarine filter of river inputs to the oceans. Estuaries Coasts 34, 441–458 (2011). Article Google Scholar Woodwell, G. M., Rich, P. H. & Hall, C. A. S. in Carbon and the Biosphere (eds Woodwell, G. M. ...
Erosion of the foreshore and the embankment system is a ongoing problem. Embankments face erosion caused by cyclone surges and accompanying waves, monsoon waves and rains, river currents and human and animal activities. Many of the existing hard protection systems have also failed due to imperfect ...
A variety of ecosystem services classification systems and mapping approaches are available in the scientific and technical literature, which needs to be selected and adapted when applied to complex territories (e.g. in the interface between water and land, estuary and sea). This paper provides a...
risk reduction, coasts, aerial photography, tourism, geographic information systems, laws and regulations, land use planning, scientists, zoning, buildings, risk, humans, managers, governanceErosion and flooding are geohazards that pose a significant problem in eastern Qu茅bec, as they do throughout ...
Thermokarst lakes are a critical landscape element of Arctic coastal systems, often making up more than 25% of the terrestrial environment. They represent valued ecosystems and habitat for a wide variety of wildlife. Lakes that are deeper than the annual thickness of winter ice cover maintain avera...
However, coastal systems are among the most dynamic natural environments on Earth65,66, continually evolving at various spatio-temporal scales, with, e.g., a single large storm being able to reshape regional bathymetry that could significantly affect ECWLs in subsequent years. Thus, considering a...
Division of Resource Economics, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute and Berlin Workshop in Institutional Analysis of Social-Ecological Systems (WINS), Humboldt-University, Berlin, 10099, Germany Jochen Hinkel Coastal Risks and Sea-Level Rise Research Group, Department of Geography, Christian-Albrechts-Univers...
Remote Sensing of Ocean and Coastal Environmentsadvances the scientific understanding and application of technologies to address a variety of areas relating to sustainable development, including environmental systems analysis, environmental management, clean processes, green chemistry and green engineering. Throug...