Exacerbating this misidentification is the similarity of both species’ colony morphology [11]. Although the difference in odor of C. innocuum has not been reported, our personal experience in our laboratory suggests that like C. difficile, C. innocuum cultures typically demonstrate a horse barn ...
Clostridium botulinum, all of the anaerobic bacteria belong to the normal flora of humans. Anaerobes are present on the skin, in the mouth, in the intestines, and in the genital tract. They account for the greatest proportion of the bacteria of the stool. All are present in the intestines ...
(mouse minimum lethal dose per milligram of nitrogen). Tetanospasmin andCl. botulinumneurotoxin thus share the attribute of being the most potent poisons known (seep.315). In culture, the neurotoxin does not appear until the phase of active growth is over, and its production is maximal at a...
In Clostridium botulinum, heat-shock proteins were reported to play a significant role against pH and NaCl [43]. Butyric-acid tolerance and production were improved by overexpressing groES and groEL in C. tyrobutyricum [29]. The increased relative-expression level of groES and groEL indicate that...
Identification of presumptive Clostridium perfringens colonies was based on their characteristic morphology. Accordingly, plates containing 20–200 black colonies were considered positive after incubation in an egg yolk medium with an opaque white zone surrounding the colony due to lecithinase activity. Blac...