This approach to the classification of crime, I suggest, can help us to both understand why certain acts become criminalised and why there is significant cross-cultural and historical variation in the range of acts that are prohibited by social groups and are subject to third-party sanctions....
Customs laws include civil and criminal provisions relating to the importation process dating from the Tariff Act of # and its antecedents, such as smuggling into the United States ( # § # ); into a foreign country if that country has similar provision ( # § # ); false statements; entr...
Criminal penalties can go up to $1 million per transaction and/or 20 years in prison. Sanctions violations are often the costliest transgressions. For example, in April 2021, the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) fined the software company SAP $2 million for shipping software to Iran ...
The original classification authorities (the President, Vice President, and agency heads) are required by EO 13526 to receive a certain amount of training. The training includes instruction on the proper safeguarding of classified information and of the criminal, civil, and administrative sanctions that...
Now, let us examine some of the acts wherein the computer is the target for an unlawful act. It may be noted that in these activities the computer may also be a tool. This kind of activity usually involves sophisticated crimes usually out of the purview of conventional criminal law. Some...
–CivilandCriminalPenalties–finesandprison –Nothinglessthan$250,000andpossiblymanytimesmore –LossofExportPrivileges SupplyChainEfficiency –AvoidholdupsatU.S.andforeigncustoms –Demandsfromcustomersintheirsupplychain ExportControls StrategicPlanning -Knowtheregulationsineachcountry -Obtaincertificationslimitingentry...
A Norm Resistance Scale was constructed to measure four main aspects of deviance perception: the respondent's definition of the act as criminal or deviant; the intensity of the respondent's reaction; his preferences for official societal sanctions; and his general opinion concerning decriminalization....
Customs laws include civil and criminal provisions relating to the importation process dating from the Tariff Act of # and its antecedents, such as smuggling into the United States ( # § # ); into a foreign country if that country has similar provision ( # § # ); false statements; entr...
Legal Aspects of EU Sanctions (Mortsel: Intersentia).Eckes, C. (2013) `Decision-making in the Dark? Autonomous EU Sanctions and National Classi cation' in Iain Cameron (ed), EU Sanctions: Law and Policy Issues Concerning Restrictive Measures (Supranational Criminal Law Series, Book 15, ...
We argue that the retroactive application of explanatory notes and tariff classification regulations coupled with possible criminal and administrative sanctions against traders must be addressed by both the European Commission and the Court of Justice. We also argue that should the EU institutions fail ...