Schools of military theorists have largely followed the same tensions that schools of science have followed between "positivist" schools of thought born during the Enlightenment who believed that the world is inherently ordered and controllable via by formal scientific description and method, and those ...
Contemporary sociological theory and its classical roots : the basics George Ritzer, Jeffrey Stepnisky McGraw-Hill, c2013 4th ed : pbk G Ritzer,J Stepnisky - Peking University Press 被引量: 41发表: 2004年 Classical Sociological Theory: A Positivist''s Perspective Sociology is experiencing what ...
termsofsocialreactionandidenticaltocrimeintermsofcausation.Thepositivisttraditionbeganwitha generalmethodofresearch,butwithoutatheoryofbehaviorthatwoulddefineitsdependentvari-able,itinitiallyacceptedtheclassicalfocusoncrime.Aspositivismevolved,iteventuallyencompassed,undertheterm"deviance,"themanyformsofbehaviorleftbehind...
There were three main schools of thought in early criminological theory, spanning the period from the mid-18th century to the mid-twentieth century:Classical, Positivist, and Chicago. What is classical theory of radiation? The classical theory of thetime-angular distribution of the radiationof energ...
classical pragmatism,postmodernism,and neopragmatism55middle of the twentieth century, which witnessed the last gasps of theprogram of logical positivism.But now the modernist-positivist program appears to have beenturned on its head by official postmodernism. This is perhaps no-where more apparent than...
Forward to the Past: History and Theory in Raymond Aron's Peace and War and scholars both past and present, from Montesquieu to Morgenthau; and finally, polemically, he deflates the pretensions of behaviorists, positivists, and others who continue to argue and to hope that international relatio...
Such research originally arose from individuals who felt that "positivist assumptions imposed structural laws and theories that did not fit marginalized individuals or groups or did not adequately address issues of social justice" (Creswell, 2003, p. 9). Drawing on works from such figures as Marx...
Still, it is fair to say that, especially in the first half of the twentieth century, the interest taken by medical people in Greek and Roman medicine was often motivated, apart from antiquarian intellectual curiosity, by what we could call a positivist, or presentist, attitude. There often ...
States Hayek (1979, 52): “And it is probably no exaggeration to say that every important advance in economic theory during the last hundred years was a further step in the consistent application of subjectivism.” Also, see the following on this issue: Barnett (1989), Block (1988a), Buch...
several different approaches to Law whose distinctions were based on metajuridical grounds 鈥 phenomenological ideas in the work of Nickolai Alekseev, who argued for legal individualism; the "Alleinheit" theory found in the writings of Lev Karsavin; and a positivist theory in paper by Nickolai ...