1a). Since the resulting bald phage is unable to infect and amplify in bacteria, it will be eliminated from the library and only phage that has escaped the lysosome will advance to the next rounds of selection (Fig. 1b). Figure 1 Summary of the novel phage library platform and cell-...
Human cells have a compartment called the endoplasmic reticulum, responsible for the production and distribution of proteins. Faulty proteins are immediately destroyed in the endoplasmic reticulum as a part of a tight quality-control mechanism. Fabry disease is a condition that occurs due to a mutatio...
In vitrotranscribed (IVT) mRNA has recently come into focus as a potential new drug class to deliver genetic information. Such synthetic mRNA can be engineered to transiently express proteins by structurally resembling natural mRNA. Advances in addressing the inherent challenges of this drug class, p...
In the next stage, the fragmented DNA is digested by lysosomal DNaseII after the dying cells are phagocytosed. It has been proposed that in plants the degradative nucleases, as well as other hydrolytic enzymes involved in PCD, accumulate in the vacuole of maturing cells. Then, during the ...
The copper-containing superoxide dismutases (SODs) represent a large family of enzymes that participate in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species by disproportionating superoxide anion radical to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Catalysis is driven by the redox-active copper ion, and in most cases,...
Moreover, the production of IVT mRNA is relatively simple and inex- pensive, and so the development of IVT mRNA-based therapeutics has garnered broad interest (BOX 1). In the field of therapeutic cancer vaccination, IVT mRNA has undergone extensive preclinical investiga- tion and has reached...
Of the various phosphatidylinositol 3- kinases (PI3Ks), only the class III enzyme Vps34 has been shown to regulate phagosome maturation. During studies of phagosome maturation in THP-1 cells deficient in class IA PI3K p110α, we discovered that this PI3K
Following standardisation of compound labels, the Metabolic-Pathway-associated metabolite sets, which contained 99 set entries, were chosen. Enrichment ratios for each pathway were computed by the number of positive metabolite ‘hits’ divided by that expected from the number of all possible metabolites...
Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) enzymes, producing signaling phosphoinositides at plasma and intracellular membranes, are key in intracellular signaling and vesicular trafficking pathways. PI3K is a family of eight enzymes divided into three classes with various functions in physiology and largely deregu...
The murine γ-herpesvirus-68 K3 (MK3) is a PHD/LAP finger protein that downregulates major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression. In transfected cell lines, MK3 was expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, where it bound the cytoplasmic tail of newly synthesized H-2...