Types of languages presently spoken in the IVC regions are: Indo-Aryan (e.g., Punjabi in Punjab with dialects Siraiki and Lahnda, Sindhi in Sindh, Hindi, Marwari, Gujarati in eastern parts of Greater Indus Valley); Dardic (e.g., Shina, Khowar, Kohistani); Iranian (e.g., Baluchi, ...
The original meaning of "civilization" is "state." In discussing the origin of civilization, it is groundless to divide "civilization" into "culture" and "society," or to interpret "civilization" and "state" as two different concepts. Given such considerations, there can only be one focus ...
that many Indians speak as it contains many pure Hindi words, whereas modern Hindi is very much influenced by other regional languages such as Urdu and Marathi. He uses the word आप (āp), which is a more respectful way of saying "you" in Hindi, unlike the modern तुम (tum...