In an attempt to reduce mortality and to encourage smoking cessation, the French government increased cigarette prices by 66% over an 8-year period. The aftermath of these measures was not exactly as predicted. The effects were studied by scientists of French National Institute of Health and Medi...
The Treasury is forecasting the economy will continue to grow at an average annual rate of 2.8 percent over the next five years. That's despite a big drop in prices for its key dairy exports, due in part to slowing growth in China. The dairy downturn has been offset by a boom in tour...
Cigarette availability and price in low and high socioeconomic areas Objective : To determine whether tobacco retailer density and cigarette prices differ between low and high socioeconomic status suburbs in South-East Quee... E Dalglish,D Mclaughlin,A Dobson,... - 《Australian & New Zealand Jour...
Having not ratified the Frame- work Convention on Tobacco Control, Indonesia also has low cigarette prices relative to other countries in the region and lags behind many other countries with re- spect to the enactment of strict tobacco control policies. These factors may play a role in the ...
A wide range of effective interventions are available including increasing prices and bans on advertising, promotion, sales to minors, and smoking in public places.2-5 The adoption of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2003 and its subsequent ratification by 177 countries ...
[19]. The observed increased use of roll-your-own cigarettes in South Africa from 2007 to 2010 may indeed negate the effect of increases in the price of factory-made cigarettes on smoking cessation - hence, there is a need for policy vigilance. In a study conducted in New Zealand, the ...
There were also some brands at home, but the prices were very expensive. Almost no domestic sales, are exported. So many people dont know. However, with the arrival of the financial crisis, many of the export products have been transferred to the domestic market, and prices have gradually ...
Data on the themes were gathered in binary formats and textual information. In addition to the codes/themes, we gathered data on types of devices, prices, and celebrity endorsements if any displayed on the websites. The examples of identified themes saved as screenshots in which detailed ...
Illicit cigarettes comprise more than 11% of tobacco consumption and 17% of consumption in low- and middle-income countries. Illicit cigarettes, defined as those that evade taxes, lower consumer prices, threaten national tobacco control efforts, and redu
This market snapshot for Ukraine covers key indicators: recent, present and forecast market size; regulation level; an overview of the top available brands, form factors, retail distribution, prices and affordability Domestic traffic for e-cigs sees sharper increase in the UAE than Saudi Arabia ...