Third, since COPD was defined by the ICD-10 code and drug usage, there is a possibility that some patients might have been misdiagnosed with COPD. We relied on our operational definition for COPD due to the absence of lung function data in the HIRA database. Nevertheless, this definition ...
CRS was identified in this study by the claims records showing a primary diagnosis of CRS designated with the use of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes CRS15,17 (ICD-9 codes: 473, 473.0, 473.1, 473.2, 473.3, 473.8, and 473.9) from 1996 to 2007. ...
The study has several limitations. The study population and all outcome definitions are based on ICD-9 CM and ICD-10 CM, not clinical diagnosis because the examination results and lab data are lack in NHIRD. Despite, we use many alternative definitions that combined diagnosis code with medication...
As shown in Table5(see also a graph of these data in Additional file3, Figure A3), reported estimates of COPD mortality in the general population vary from one country to another, but data interpretation must be done carefully. First, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) has evo...
For this reason, we found no relationship between SDI and YLDs from asthma, counter to the expectation that increased access to treatment, particularly steroid inhalers, would impact asthma severity and hence disability. Researchers are encouraged, in future surveys, to collect information on the ...
Soon after 1994, the T-score made its way into clinical use and also became an ICD to be a second means of diagnosing osteoporosis in individual patients who have not yet had a fragility fracture. The clinical utility of the T-score lies in its use as a risk factor for osteoporotic ...
ICD-11 allows for sub-diagnoses to full under the realm of multiple parent codes, meaning that a musculoskeletal chronic pain diagnosis may fall under the chronic pain parent code as well as under one of the pathophysiological categories stated above [33]. An understanding of pain classifications...
After adjusting for steroid use, the HR of asthma increased, indicating that asthma directly impacts on CKD. This also supports the hypothesis that chronic inflammation in asthma patients may be related to the higher risk of developing CKD. Proper steroid treatment for asthma may significantly ...
Soon after 1994, the T- score made its way into clinical use and also became an ICD to be a second means of diagnosing osteoporosis in individual patients who have not yet had a fragility frac- ture. The clinical utility of the T-score lies in its use as a risk factor for ...
Additionally, data on protein intake, hydration status at the time of UCR assessment, BMI and steroid medication use in the study population was not available for data analysis. Future studies should consider incorporating these variables to further investigate how these factors influenced the ...