We extracted data for COPD deaths between 1994 and 2010 in the 27 countries in the European Union (EU) from the statistical office of the EU (Eurostat), using the International Classification of Diseases 10 (ICD-10) codes J40–J44 and J47. We estimated age-standardised mor...
Abbreviation: PM2.5, fine particulate matter; PM2.5–10, coarse particulate matter; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The black solid lines correspond to the average percent changes in the risk of COPD mortality associated with each interquartile range increase in particulate matter ...
Secondary measures were the remaining Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory subscales, Brief Pain Inventory, Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Symptom Inventory, Patient Global Impression of Improvement, and Clinical Global Imp...
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR THE DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT, AND PREVENTION OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE UPDATED 2010 GLOBAL INITIATIVE FOR CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR THE DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT, AND PREVENTION OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE ...
Second, the diagnosis of COPD in our study was based on International Classification of Disease, 10th edition (ICD-10) codes and prescribed medication data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database, without pulmonary function testing. Similarly, we also defined liver disease...
Third, since COPD was defined by the ICD-10 code and drug usage, there is a possibility that some patients might have been misdiagnosed with COPD. We relied on our operational definition for COPD due to the absence of lung function data in the HIRA database. Nevertheless, this definition ...
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As shown in Table5(see also a graph of these data in Additional file3, Figure A3), reported estimates of COPD mortality in the general population vary from one country to another, but data interpretation must be done carefully. First, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) has evo...
In the FinnGen study, diseases were defined using the International Classification of Disease (ICD) code. Specific information about related diseases is shown in Table 1. Table 1 Details of studies included in the MR analyses for the association between COPD and its common comorbidities Full size...
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease HR: Hazard ratio ICD: International Classification of Diseases ICS: Inhaled corticosteroids ICU: Intensive care unit Ig: Immunoglobulin Jan.: January LOS: Length of stay MHD: Minimal Hospital Data MWF: Monday, Wednesday, and Friday ...