The acute oral toxicity for chromium(VI) ranges between 1.5 and 3.3 mg/kg.[137] In the body, chromium(VI) is reduced by several mechanisms to chromium(III) already in the blood before it enters the cells. The chromium(III) is excreted from the body, whereas the chromate ion is transfer...
Cr(VI) has greater solubility, mobility, and toxicity than Cr(III). The treatment methods for Cr(VI) in water mainly include the biological method, ion-exchange method, membrane separation technology, adsorption method, and adsorption–reduction method. The biological method [1] mainly includes ...