Altering the Positions of Chlorine and Bromine Substitution on the End Group Enables High‐Performance Acceptor and Efficient Organic Solar Cellsmolecular packingorganic solar cellspower conversion efficiencysmall‐molecule acceptorssubstitution positions
Conversion factors1 ppm = 2.9 mg/m3ATSDR (2007) 1 mg/m3= 0.34 ppm Cl2+H2O↔HCl+HOCl Chlorine is used in the manufacture of a variety of nonagricultural chemicals. The major use of chlorine is in the manufacture ofethylene dichloride, which in turn is used to makevinyl chlorideand subse...
. Recently an electrochemical dechlorination method was reported for PVC, but only partial dechlorination (<20% conversion of Cl groups) was achieved and the method might be difficult to upscale34. Likewise, waste chlorinated solvents are problematic, with incineration being the conventional method used...
electrons in the third and outermost shell. as all halogens, it is thus one electron short of a full octet, and is thus a strong oxidizing agent, interacting with other elements to complete its outer shell. this element is intermediate in the electronegativity between fluorine and bromine (...
Reductions of Antarctic ozone due to synergistic interactions of chlorine and bromine The vertical column density of ozone observed in October over Antarctica has fallen precipitously over the past 10 yr. The concentration at Halley Bay (76... MB Mcelroy,RJ Salawitch,SC Wofsy,... - 《Nature》...
Chlorine is used to destroy agents that can cause disease, such as viruses or bacteria, and therefore pose a risk to human health. It also leaves a residual that can be controlled and measured to monitor chlorine levels. Despite its main function as an effective water purifying agent, ...
Most pool owners combine both systems to maximize chlorine longevity. Even so, a chlorine residual is still required for complete pool sanitization with these systems. Bromine In addition to the sanitizers above, there are also other pool chemicals that can be used in place of chlorine. For ...
There is evidence that links the O3 depletion in the Antarctic region to CFCs and other pollutants that carry chlorine and bromine into the stratosphere. Chlorine monoxide (ClO) has been identified as the chief cause of O3 depletion in polar regions. Weather patterns and volcanic eruptions may ...
5868911Apparatus for generating bromine1999-02-09Blum et al.204/230.5X 5597544Preparation of chlorite1997-01-28Barber et al.423/472 5516501Process for the preparation of aqueous solutions of bromine based disinfectants1996-05-14Kelley423/473
Halogen is, for example, chlorine, bromine or iodine. Chlorine or bromine, in particular chlorine, is of particular interest. C1 -C4 alkyl R12 is a branched or unbranched radical, for example methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl. R12 is preferably...