Chlorine is often used as a disinfectant in most of the world’s water systems because of its cost-effectiveness. The chemical is usually stored in a pressurized, liquid state. When released, chlorine vaporizes into a highly toxic, invisible gas that concentrates at ground levels. Germany used ...
Chlorine-based water disinfection processes can inactivate antibiotic resistant bacteria. However, at the same time, these processes may cause the release of antibiotic resistance genes into the water as free DNA, and consequently increase the risk to disseminate antibiotic resistance via natural ...
presented a complete system of on-site electrochlorination (ECl2) for disinfection from widely available table salt (NaCl) [63]. The advantage of ECl2 systems over standard chlorination systems, is in situations where the supply chain of bulk chemical commodities can be unreliable, or when it ...
Advanced Lifetech technologies, such as ozone systems and advanced oxidation processes (AOP), are used for drinking water treatment. The combination of ozone and UV radiation generates hydroxyl radicals with an exceptionally high oxidation potential, enabling rapid and effective disinfection. ...
Resistant pathogens such as the protozoaGiardia lambliaare frequently identified in effluents from wastewater treatment plants, even after the disinfection process, threatening the safe practice of agricultural effluent reuse. The high resistance ofGiardiacysts is conferred by their wall, a rigid extracellul...
studies water disinfection systems with his team at Purdue University in Indiana. In their research, the team analyzes DBPs and other chemicals formed when chlorine and contaminants mix in pools. A swimmer himself, Blatchley believes the answer lies in finding a better system for water disin 博士...
Chlorine dioxide is one of the most effective disinfection methods used in the water industry today. Learn more about how it's measured.
chlorine dioxide reacts quickly to form chlorite ions. When chlorine dioxide reacts with dissolved organic compounds in water-treatment systems, it forms disinfection by-products, such as chlorite and chlorate ions. Like chlorine dioxide, chlorite is very reactive. Since chlorite is an ionic compound...
Finally, we note that simplesulphur compounds–hydrogen sulphideand thiols – are also present in the air of poultrybarnsand will be scrubbed into acid; these are also readily oxidisable by most of the chemical systems described here. In the context of electrochemical oxidation, research will be...
The design of pressure systems for handling chlorine incorporates a number of special features. Many of these are generally applicable to the handling of a very toxic substance. They are discussed in Chapter 12. In view of the toxicity of chlorine, it is not appropriate to vent large quantities...