such as the formation of undesirable by-products and the decay of chlorine concentration along the water distribution network due to three separated mechanisms, namely, the chlorine reactions in bulk fluid, the chlorine reactions with pipe walls and other system elements, and the natural evaporation....
Concentrations of particulate chlorine are compared with those of other elements as sampled by cascade impactors and filter samplers at rural Xinglong and urban Beijing (cf. Berg and Winchester, 1978; Cicerone, 1981). It is found that a significant Cl deficit for filter as compared with impactor...
Chlorine is extremely reactive and enters into substitution or addition reactions with both inorganic and organic substances. Other relevant chemical and physical properties are listed in Table 22.1. Because chlorine is so reactive, it is normally detected in the environment at only very low levels. ...
“We don’t fully understand how Mars got to the present state of chlorine enrichment at the surface, but we’re very interested in knowing, as we drill down into the subsurface, how highly oxidized compounds of chlorine, called chlorates and perchlorates, interact with other elements. I...
There are also interactions between other inorganic species of the ClO2 system, such as chloride, chlorate, or chlorite. Although these reactions happen, they do not seem to contribute much to yields of inorganic byproducts in water technology applications since they either happen at extreme pHs or...
it is added to municipal drinkingwater supplies. Chlorine gas has a very pungent odor that is suffocating when inhaled. Ina more concentrated form, Cl2was also a deadly poisonous gas used in combat during WorldWar I. Because it combines with so many other elements, particularly metals, chlorine...
Reactions of chlorine with inorganic and organic compounds during water treatment—Kinetics and mechanisms: A critical review Numerous inorganic and organic micropollutants can undergo reactions with chlorine. However, for certain compounds, the expected chlorine reactivity is low... M Deborde,UV Gunten ...
understand how Mars got to the present state of chlorine enrichment at the surface, but we're very interested in knowing, as we drill down into the subsurface, how highly oxidized compounds of chlorine, called chlorates and perchlorates, interact with other elements. It's been kind of a ...
These catalysts mediate two important reactions, namely the oxygen evolution and chlorine evolution reactions. The result is a material whose surface has catalytically active sites without the addition of precious metals. 'We concluded that MXenes behave similarly to enzymes in an electrochemical ...
With respect to the chemical equations given which describe the overall reaction as being the conversion of copper oxide to copper chloride, and the subsequent oxidation of copper chloride to copper oxide, it should be noted that actual fact to both reactions are generally much more complex and ...