To monitor chlorine content dissolved in water, Tabassum and Gupta developed an SPR based sensor making use of a 5 nm thick layer of conducting polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the sensing element deposited over successive layers of silver (40 nm) and ZnO (10 nm) coated unclad core of...
In water treatment applications, chlorine is typically applied as compressed gas under pressure (i.e., dissolved in water at the point of application) or as solutions of either sodium hypochlorite or solid calcium hypochlorite. Essentially, the three forms are chemically equivalent because of the ...
dissolved chlorine while the bulk of the chlorine is recovered in gaseous form. Part of the recovered chlorine is reacted with sulphur dioxide and water, preferably in heat exchange relationship with the reaction medium to impart heat of reaction thereto, to form hydrochloric acid and sulphuric ...
It is very soluble and forms chlorous acid if dissolved in water: Cl2O3 (gas) + H2O ⇒ 2H2ClO2 (aq) It is less stable than chlorous acid, its more stable product, and therefore is not used commercially as an oxidizing agent. Its solubility in water is low, about 3.42 g/100 ml ...
A stirrer 9 is provided in the device 1 to mix and stir thoroughly the sample and water so that the chlorine is dissolved in water. The separated liquefied flon overflows from the mid-way of an overflow pipe 8 and is discharged through a sample overflow pipe 13 and a liquid level meter...
The smelt is dissolved in water to yield a raw "green liquor" which then is clarified. The clarified green liquor is causticized with lime, whereby the sodium carbonate is converted into sodium hydroxide and calcium carbonate is precipitated as a mud. The mud is calcined after washing to ...
using Cl and H2O as probes of the degassing process, we circumvent problems with traditional use of CO2and H2O (e.g. ref.4) that arise because extensively degassed, evolved magmas typically have very low dissolved CO2concentrations. Fig. 1: Chlorine degassing in arc volcanoes....
applying a bias of −0.1 V vs the reference electrode until 130 mC;cm−2of charge was passed. After rinsing with water the samples were dried with N2and then placed in a muffle furnace. 150 µL of 0.2 M vanadium acetylacetonate dissolved in DMSO was drop casted on each...
Due to the short residence time of chlorine dioxide dissolved in water, it may be necessary to rinse or wash several times during the treatment. The safe application of chlorine dioxide is based on the fact that the penetration depth during little contact is small (a few tenths of a ...