The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of chlor-alkali technology and associated cell separators. After a brief historical review of the chlor-alkali process, the main reaction characteristics (thermodynamics, cell reactions and kinetics) are detailed in Section 9.1. Main chlor-alkali...
Thermodynamics is a powerful tool for the study of chemical reactions and is intimately related to the atomic and molecular description of the species participating in these reactions. The transformation of energy involved in the reactions depends on the
As an energy-intensive industry, the chlor-alkali process has caused numerous environmental issues due to heavy electricity consumption and pollution. Chlor-alkali industry has been upgraded from mercury, diaphragm electrolytic cell, to ion exchange membrane (IEM) electrolytic cells. However, several cha...
Accordingly, it is desirable to develop a more efficient and cleaner chlor-alkali process. Typical chlor-alkali electrolysis (i.e. brine electrolysis) consists of two half reactions: the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on the cathode and the chlorine evolution reaction (CER) on the anode, whic...
In the industrially important Chlor-Alkali process, the chlorine evolution reaction (CER) over a ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) catalyst competes with the oxygen... SE Kai,J Anton,T Jacob,... - 《Angewandte Chemie》 被引量: 18发表: 2014年 Applying a Modified Two-Fluid Model to Numerical Simula...
However, the membrane process requires the brine used and circulating in the process to be of very high quality. Furthermore, all of the processes attempt to separate the chlorine gas produced from the hydroxide to effectively avoid a back reaction from chlorine to chloride and ...
Adetaileddescriptionoftheprocessofchlor-alkalielectrolysisisavailableinRef.1. ModelDefinition Thiamplemodelsthecurrentandpotentialdistributioninaunitcellinthe membranecellsketchedinFigure1.Thismodelisasecondarycurrent-distribution model(seeRef.2),whichimpliesthatyoutakeintoaccountthedependenceofthe ...
Advanced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts matching with the chlor-alkali reaction serve as a vital link to realize the cost-effective and environmentally-benign co-production of hydrogen and chlor-alkali. The core probl... LN Zhang,R Li,HY Zang,... - 《Energy & Environmental ...
Process Design and Evaluation of a Continuous Chemical Plant for the Singlet Oxygen-Iodine Laser The chemical reaction also produces a large waste brine stream that can be controlled by recycling through a chlor-alkali cell, which regenerates the ... RJ Demyanovich,S Lynn - Fusion Technol.; (...
Date Mar. 2, 1995A process for the preparation of (L)-2-chloropropionic acid and its alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts which comprises hydrolyzing isobutyl L-chloropropionate at a pH of from 4 to 8 in the presence of a lipase from Pseudomonas spec. DSM 8246 and ...