Premature degradation of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete infrastructure is a current and serious problem with overwhelming costs amounting to several trillion dollars. The use of concrete surface treatments with waterproofing materials to prevent the access of aggressive substances is an important ...
The sludge was stabilized using Ordinary Portland Cement. TCLP leachate of raw sludge as well as solidified/stabilized samples was generated using USEPA prescribed procedure. The heavy metals concentrations were determined in the leachate. The concentrations were found to be within regulatory limits and...
Over the vast Northwest China, arid desert contains high concentrations of sulfate, chloride, and other chemicals in the ground water, which poses serious challenges to infrastructure construction that routinely utilizes portland cement concrete. Rapid industrialization in the region has been generating hug...
The cement-based materials in the mortar were ordinary Portland cement (OPC), fly ash (FA), and limestone powder (LP). The strength grade of OPC is 42.5 MPa, the fly ash conformed to the stair FA property of the Chinese National Standard DL/T5055-2007, and the limestone powder was fro...
is a water-soluble white powder composed of a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, with polyvinyl alcohol as a protective colloid. Notably, the calcite powder demonstrates a purity level of 99.9%. For further insight, raw materials and the composition of the self-leveling mortar are shown ...
Fly ash is known as waste material from thermal power plants and its abundant availability creates an opportunity to research the uses of this material as a cement replacement. The main composition of fly ash contains silica (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), iron oxide (Fe2O3) and calcium ...
At last, the cement paste was added into the original marine clay to produce a uniform mixture (see Figure 1a). Figure 1. Sample preparation. (a) Mixture of marine clay and OPC cement. (b) The sample for strength test. (c) The samples for SEM observation. Then the samples of the ...
In engineering applications, we should integrate and optimize the soil microbial community and adjust its physicochemical properties, such as organic matter content and mineral composition, to further enhance heavy metal remediation. Figure 10. SEM images of CaCO3 crystals formed in 100% (a) 50%; ...
This study investigated the improvement in the behaviour of a clay soil due to the addition of alkali-activated fly ash as a stabilising agent, and the effects of different activation factors such as alkali dosages and silica moduli. The alkali activator solution used was a mixture of sodium ...
It is possible to increase the sustainability of an otherwise unsustainable construction material by modifying its composition. Sustainability improvements are not limited to the inclusion of biologically produced materials [10,11] but can also be achieved by including Chemistry 2023, 5, 2166–2181. ...