The mostarchaicstage of Old Indo-Aryan is represented by the Sanskrit of the Vedas. Modern philologists generally treat the termvedaas a noun meaning ‘knowledge.’ According to traditional Indian commentators, however,vedadenotes an instrument whereby one gains knowledge of the means—which cannot ...
Output allows learners to notice gaps in their knowledge (de Bot, 1996), to access meaning and to generalize, which can serve as building blocks for language representations (e.g., Ibbotson, 2013). Encouraging children to use the target language and providing feedback on their output enhances...
The oldest poetic work in this language is Vimala Sūri’s Paumacariya (c. 3rd century), a Jain Rāmāyaṇa. Of other Prākrit dialects mentioned by grammarians and poeticists, Paiśācī (or Bhūtabhāṣā, both meaning ‘language of demons’) is noteworthy; it is said to be the...