生态系统:生物与其他生物和物理环境的相互作用(Ecosystems: An Organism’s Interactions with Other Organisms and the Physical Environment) 在生态系统层面,每个生物都与其他生物相互作用。例如,一棵金合欢树与与其根部相关的土壤微生物、栖息在其上的昆虫以及吃它的叶子和水果的动物进行相互作用(见图1.11)。生物之间...
Development refers to an attribute of an organism: individual organisms undergo sexual development. The process of evolution, on the other hand, refers to an attribute of larger groups: various animal and plant species have evolved varied forms of sexual reproduction. An individual organism's sexual...
Eukarya All the eukaryotic organisms Protozoa, fungi, plants and animals
How Animals Obtain Food Heterotroph Autotroph Can not make own food Must eat other organisms Animals are not autotrophs Animals eat autotrophs (plants) How Animals Reproduce Sexual reproduction New organism forms from the joining of two sex cells Egg and sperm Fertilization When the sperm fertiliz...
results in the addition of mass to an organism, and in many organisms, the formation of new cells and new structures development process of gaining skills throughout an organism's life reproduction production of offspring stimulus anything that is part of either environment and causes some sort of...
in comparison with the laws of reproduction, and of growth, and of inheritance; for had the action of the conditions been direct, if any of the young had varied,all would probably have varied in the same manner.To judge how much, in the case of any variation, we should attribute to ...
Chapter 6: Respiration in Organisms Chapter 7: Transportation in Animals and Plants Chapter 8: Reproduction in Plants Chapter 9: Motion and Time Chapter 10: Electric Current and its Effects Chapter 11: Light Chapter 12: Forests Our Lifeline ...
Intercrosses,also, with the individuals of the same species, which otherwise would have inhabited the surrounding and differently circumstanced districts, will be prevented.But isolation probably acts more efficiently in checking the immigration of better adapted organisms, after any physical change, ...
I cannot here enter on the copious details which I have collected on this curious subject; but to show how singular the laws are which determine the reproduction of animals under confinement, I may just mention that carnivorous animals, even from the tropics, breed in this country pretty ...
1) population with varied inherited traits(some black some white)2)Elimination of individuals with certain traits (the white ones you can see really well are eaten)3) Reproduction of survivors (black beetles)4) Increasing frequency of traits that enhance survival and reproductive success ...