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Estimates of the social cost of carbon are the yardstick for climate policy targets. However, there is great uncertainty and we do not know how estimates have evolved over time. Here I present a meta-analysis of published estimates showing that the socia
Increasing the share of renewable energy in energy supply • Developing renewable portfolio standards to steadily increase the use of renewable energy • Reducing dependence on private vehicles and increasing the use of public transit •
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These factors have resulted in a surgein actual and planned investments to augment urban water supply andensure future supply security. In such an environment one may thinkof a portfolio of investment options of which upgrading traditional watersupply assets is but one option. Investments in large ...
Indeed, visibility is the first link connecting the eyewitness and the mediated witness, or the present witness with the future witness as, in order for something to be iterated, it must first gain attention. Given the proliferation of visibility technologies, as well as their rewards and risks...
In order to cope with the multiplicity of climate change outcomes, the main risk management approach being currently promoted is scenario analysis and stress testing. This is the case for the TCFD, central banks, financialsupervisors and banks themselves (NGFS, 2019b). Scenario analysis involves st...
2010). ORAs employ a variety of ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) and data assimilation schemes to synthesize a diverse network of available ocean observations in order to arrive at a dynamically consistent estimate of the historical ocean state. The nature of the underlying OGCM, data ...
It can be hard to measure R&D progress or understand when to kill a project in order to free up resources for more promising items in the R&D portfolio. As a result, zombie projects with unclear status and milestones tend to linger, burning money, inflating total R&D costs, increasing time...
s always-on consumers come highly informed with specific demands pertaining to price, ingredients, delivery options, production methods, and much more. And they shop whenever and wherever the mood strikes them, in so called “micro moments,” often while doing other tasks. In other words, ...