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Given the non-stationarity of the level of output, we follow the literature19 and estimate such an equation in first-differenced form as, $${\Delta {\rm{lgrp}}}_{r,y}={\mu }_{r}+{\eta }_{y}+{k}_{r}y+\alpha {\Delta C}_{r,y}+{\varepsilon }_{r,y},$$ (8) which...
The limitations of this paper are as follows: First, the non-linear impact of climate change on energy poverty is not examined. Second, the threshold effect of environmental regulation is not taken into account. Further research will use the panel threshold regression model, taking climate change...
The changing linear relationships between temperature and RES in future decades reflect the non-linear dynamics in this model system. Altering the functional form of temperature inputs such that the wMel model is driven by a seven-day moving average yields the same reduction in temperature ...
We next perform univariatet-tests to examine the differences between firms headquartered in high versus low climate change denial counties. For this purpose, we divide firm-year observations into two subsamples based on the top and bottom terciles ofClimate Change Denial. The results of the univar...
To achieve this, we propose a generic technique, Isolate- Detect (ID), for generalized change-point detection in various different structures, such as piecewise-constant or piecewise-linear signals. The concept behind ID is simple and is split into two stages; firstly, the isolation of each of...
(10) into Eq. (9), we get (−q+δ)Af+κAb=0(q+δ)Ab+κAf=0 The above set of equations can also be written in matrix form as (11)[δ−qκκδ+q][AfAb]=0 and by setting the determinant equal to zero, we obtain (12)δ=±q2+k2 Equation (12) is the dispersion ...
PCM have the properties that enable them to store energy at a nearly constant temperature withhigh energy storage density. This attracted great interest in various field of applications[61]. The phase transition of PCM can be grouped into three types: solid-liquid, solid-gas, and liquid-gas. ...
To identify the sequence of cells used, each landscape was divided into a grid of 10 m × 10 m cells (that is, 3,600 cells), and the identities of the origin and destination cell were recorded. We recorded the cells used by each bird between consecutive flights until the bird...
The transportation of essential items, such as food and vaccines, often requires adaptive multi-temperature control to maintain high safety and efficiency. While existing methods utilizing phase change materials have shown promise, challenges related to