Furthermore, the macroscopic properties at the slab center and periphery layers differ due to the wall effect. Therefore, the variation in surface roughness combined with the wall effect influences the uncertainties in the behavior of structures made of fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete. Figure...
SAP, which was sufficient to block the water inside the samples [80]. The use of X-rays (XRD) in cement slurry enriched with SAP showed that the amount of Ca(OH)2 increased and the concentration of alite (C3S) decreased. SAP promotes the hydration of cement quality and accelerates the...
Ca2+from the aqueous solution, forming “electric double layers” that prevented further hydrolysis of C3S. The electric potential difference (ξ potential) between the “electric double layers” gradually decreased due to the release of Ca2+by the slow hydrolysis of C3S. After the electric ...
No voids or air pockets were found between the net or near the net’s structure, and layers were firmly connected. 4.2. Freeze–Thaw Test There were no visible changes in the mass and geometrical aspects of the specimens. Further mechanical tests were conducted to measure the eventual changes...
To date, graphene has been successfully implemented in the cement matrix in the form of nanoplatelets, which consist of layers with a thickness less than 100 nm and a diameter of several micrometres. In scientific literature, these elements are often named graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) [146,189...
Short, thin, and soft fibers are needed, otherwise it would block the extrusion. Typically, the fibers are aligned while being extruded through the nozzle [119]. The contact area between the fiber and the cement is good, and the bonding strength is high. The short fiber with a high ...