Cellular reprogramming consists of the loss of differentiated cell identity followed by the acquisition of embryonic stem pluripotency, which can be achieved by the simultaneous expression of the transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC (OSKM; in mice encoded byPou5f1,Sox2,Klf4andMyc, respect...
Cellular metabolism is a complex network that is essential for cellular fitness and consists of catabolic processes (degradation of nutrients, predominantly for metabolite or energy generation in mitochondria) and anabolic processes (use of metabolites for synthesis of cellular structures). In short, tiss...
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More recent data show that LCFA and their CoA derivatives directly or indirectly regulate the activity of many cellular processes including: membrane receptors, enzymes, ion channels, cell differentiation, cellular development, and gene expression (rev. in refs. 1, 2, 3). LCFA, through their ...
Nanostructures like nanoemulsions, nanoliposomes, nanoparticles and nanofibers can be developed for delivery of vitamins, pigments, flavors and enzymes. Active/smart packaging nanocomposites and nanosensors for monitoring food quality are valuable nanomaterials as well [5,6]. Therefore, there are many ...
of CD133 and its interactions with a variety of proteins and lipids. Hence, CD133 appears to be a master regulator of cell signaling as its engagement in PI3K/Akt, Src-FAK, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β/Smad and MAPK/ERK pathways may explain its broad action in many cellular processes, ...
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Targeting SUMO and the SUMO-activating Enzymes. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) activates thesumopromoters, resulting in increased intracellular pools of SUMO and increased protein sumoylation. Following transcription of thesumogenes, let-7 microRNAs bind to the mRNA, inhib...
The biological fitness of microbes is largely determined by the rate with which they replicate their biomass composition. Mathematical models that maximize this balanced growth rate while accounting for mass conservation, reaction kinetics, and limits on
Chemokines are an indispensable component of our immune system through the regulation of directional migration and activation of leukocytes. CXCL8 is the most potent human neutrophil-attracting chemokine and plays crucial roles in the response to infecti