One common assumption is that cellular components guide the spatial architecture and arrangement of multiple species in a biofilm. However, bacteria must contend with mechanical forces generated through contact with surfaces and under fluid flow, whose contributions to colonization patterns are poorly ...
Blocking the import of nutrients essential for cancer cell proliferation represents a therapeutic opportunity, but it is unclear which transporters to target. Here we report a CRISPR interference/activation screening platform to systematically interrogate the contribution of nutrient transporters to support ca...
According to Eigen's theory, selection is the fundamental natural principle that brings order into any random arrangement of autocatalytically replicating species. With selection, information is generated successively, leading to a steady optimization of species, which can either be organisms or molecules...
Chromatins pack inside the nucleus in a spatial arrangement that is specific for a cellular state. Individual chromatins also fold compactly with some sections attached to the nuclear lamina (Fig. II.24). DNA segments within chromatins often associate with nearby regions of the same chromosome cr...
Evolution isn't always about competition. It can also be about cooperation, as is the case with the development of chloroplasts and mitochondria from free-living bacteria. This module explains the theory of endosymbiosis along with its origins. Convincin
we will discuss how all of an organism’s genetic material—collectively referred to as itsgenome—is organized inside of the cell. Since an organism’sgeneticsto a large extent dictate its characteristics, it should not be surprising that organisms differ in the arrangement of their DNA and RNA...
In parallel, magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) present another promising avenue for endogenous magnetic actuation. MTBs naturally form magnetosomes, magnetic particles enveloped in bilipid membranes, controlled by specific proteins that dictate the crystallization of magnetic nanoparticles [122]. These bacterial ...
Their structure is similar to that of microtubules in that they are formed by a helical arrangement of smaller molecules. However, actin filaments are thinner and more flexible than microtubules. Multiple cell functions require participation of actin. Actin filaments are, for instance, used as ...
How does the arrangement of micro filaments differ between a muscle cell and an epithelial cell? What features of peptidoglycan structure help make Bacterial cell walls rigid? What are the similarities and differences between prokaryote and eukaryote cells?
Bacteriophages (phages) infect bacteria in order to replicate and burst out of the host, killing the cell, when reproduction is completed. Thus, from a bac