T cell anergy is a tolerance mechanism in which the lymphocyte is intrinsically functionally inactivated following an antigen encounter, but remains alive for an extended period of time in a hyporesponsive state. Models of T cell anergy affecting both CD4C and CD8C cells fall into two broad cat...
The retinal degeneration fall into two broad categories: stem cells from (1), sources exogenous to the retina including mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) neural stem cells (NSCs) and embryonic/ induced pluripotent stem cells (ESCs/iPSCs); and (2), endogenous retinal stem cells such as Muller glia...
This comparison reveals a remarkable agreement between reports despite the use of different perovskite compositions and device structures. The reported emission rates broadly fall into two categories: those with low emission rates at high temperatures or those with high emission rates at high or medium ...
Three categories of stem cells, ESCs, MSCs, and the recently developed induced pluripotent stem cells, have been experimentally applied in enhancing bone/periodontal regeneration. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent cells which were derived from the inner cell mass of blastocyst-stage embryos. ...
The strategies by which viruses evade NK cells fall into five categories and are depicted in the interac- tion between a virus infected target cell (left) and an NK cell (right). (a) NK cells can be inhibited by a viral MHC class I homolog with structural similarity to endogenous host ...
Electric fields generally fall into two categories: direct current electric field (dcEF) and alternating current electric field (acEF). Up to now, there are many studies on the effects of acEF on tumor cells, and interesting research results have been obtained7,8,9. However, research on the...
The vast majority of the retrovirus-labeled clones fall into three broad categories: clones that invariably contain globose basal cells (GBCs) and/or neurons, clones that always include cells in the ducts of Bowman's glands, and clones that are composed of sustentacular cells only. Many ...
The nine identified genes fall into several different functional categories. Both adipophilin (40) (also known as adipose differentiation-related protein) and L-FABP (41) are involved in fatty acid transport or storage. Regeneration gene IA (RegIA) encodes a 166-amino acid secreted protein that ...
Stem cells can be classified into different categories: (i) embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which can be derived from the early embryo [91]; (ii) induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which allows somatic cells to be reprogrammed to an embryonic-like state by either expression of some ...
reported previously (Morgan et al.,2010; Brentjens et al.,2010) and recently (DeFrancesco2016), which has been a wake-up call to the potential for toxicity of CAR-T cell therapy (Junghans2010). The toxicities of CAR-T cell therapy generally fall into several of the following categories. ...