Summary Parenchyma, chlorenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma are the four main plant cell types. Certain plant components exhibit polar growth, for example, the tip growth of pollen tubes. Cells arise by cell divisions in shoot and root meristems. Organelles are required for plant growth, ...
the output reconstruction may be misaligned with the input. We re-orient the input to align with the reconstruction, which can be done efficiently by transforming both images to polar-Fourier space, and interpreting their cross-correlogram20(Methods). The loss function has two terms...
Mitochondria also occurred in this position but, while superficially resembling the organelles, they could be distinguished because of their double outer membrane. The organelles were not observed in meristematic cells of young lateral branches. 展开 ...
Biologists are integrating studies of morphology, development, physiology, and other disciplines in order to understand how species and lineages diversify and cope with their environments. An evolutionary perspective in such studies, including those of cells, tissues, and organs, is potentially useful fo...
36. Exosomes are secreted by a variety of cells and play an imperative role in plasma membrane exchange and transport of biologically active substances such as proteins, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), microRNAs (miRNA), and organelles37. A recent study38found that exosomes secreted by human ...
When JC-1 monomers were administered to control cells, they aggregated and fluoresced red in the mitochondria because of the high membrane potential of these organelles. In CCCP-treated cells however, monomeric JC-1 remained primarily green due to low aggregation in mitochondria because of reduced ...
Masyuk A, Gradilone S, Banales J, et al. Cholangiocyte primary cilia function as chemosensory organelles. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18:132A. Google Scholar Nauli SM, Alenghat FJ, Luo Y, et al. Polycystins 1 and 2 mediate mechanosensation in the primary cilium of kidney cells. Nat Genet...
Moreover, cells treated with DOX for seven days recovered viable cell density to the level of non-treated cells after DOX was washed out from the cell system, and their specific IgG productivity dropped to the basal level. Furthermore, we studied the dependence of specific IgG productivity and...
and Torsin1, caused by premature senescence, are associated with various diseases, including cancer [8]. Additionally, cell organelles exhibit morphological abnormalities, characterized by an increased number of lysosomes and elevated β-galactosidase activity. Mitochondrial swelling and dysfunction result in...
Microtubules are polarized cytoskeletal filaments that serve as tracks for intracellular transport and form a scaffold that positions organelles and other cellular components and modulates cell shape and mechanics. In animal cells, the geometry, density and directionality of microtubule networks are major ...