However, there is a notable exception of the Corynebacteriales order, which has evolved a unique type of outer membrane likely as a consequence of convergent evolution. In this chapter, we will focus on the unique cell envelope of this order. This cell envelope features the peptidoglycan layer...
Another form of teichoic acid, lipoteichoic acid, is covalently linked to the glycolipid of the cytoplasmic membrane, providing a possible anchor for the cell wall polymers to the bacterial cell membrane [2] (Figs 2.12b and 2.13). The teichoic acids are considered in greater detail in Chapter ...
Analysis of the toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs is one of the main tasks of clinical pharmacology. Decreased viability of tumor cells may reflect two important physiological processes, namely the arrest of proliferation associated with disturbances in
Morphogenesis of multicellular organs requires coordination of cellular growth. In plants, cell growth is determined by turgor pressure and the mechanical properties of the cell wall, which also glues cells together. Because plants have to integrate tiss
The generalized polarization function of the fluorescent probe 2-dimethylamino-6-lauroylnaphthalene has been used to evaluate the lipid dynamics in Friend erythroleukemia cell membrane. The values of this function varied during the culture growth cycle, showing decreased lipid dynamics 24-48 h from the...
Secondly, it is necessary to obtain more complete data about the genetic make-up (genomic data) of different fibre species. This is important since cell wall structure is mainly under genetic control, and structural differences (e.g. lignified versus non-lignified) mainly reflect differences in ...
Brain metastasis (BrM) poses a significant challenge to the prognosis and quality of life for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), has been i
and cellular signals to the plasma membrane. CWs must be strong to support the mechanical integrity of plants and be extensible to enable cell expansion in growing cells [4,5,18]. All plant cells have a strong, extensible CW layer called the primary cell wall (PCW), while specialized cells...
Cell Membrane The membranes surrounding each cell (plasma membrane) and the intracellular structures (endoplasmatic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, nuclear membrane, mitochondria membranes, other organelle membrane) are not only composed of lipids but incorporate proteins and steroids as well. Besides this,ad...
The cell membrane is composed of a bimolecular sheet of lipids (primarily phospholipids and cholesterol) with proteins interspersed throughout and extending beyond the lipid phase of the membrane (Fig. 2-2). The presence of protein molecules spanning the entire thickness of the membrane provides a...