Higher eukaryotes are normally diploid and have pairs of homologous chromosomes, although this is not always the case for less advanced eukaryotes. Sign in to download full-size image Figure 26.20. Defining Fea
Our general results are not significantly affected by this choice, but future phylogenetic studies ought to consider adopting an updated eukaryotic tree of life (which likely would be implemented in a new version of the NCBI taxonomy database). Understanding what drives the forms of cell-in-cell...
Infections with mycoplasma that can change the culture properties, Difficulty in the establishment of long‐term cancer cell lines of certain types of tumors, Cell culture environment is different from that of the original tumor, Loss of the natural heterogeneity of the tumor or tissue [77, 78]...
that eukaryotic microbial cells die should be a cause for celebration, as the molecular differences between taxa may provide opportunities for the manipulation of PCD leading to the development of novel drugs that limit the spread of disease or increase the productivity of our pharmaceutical, biofuels...
In addition, the role and population structure of other cell types, such as resident cells of the immune system, is unclear in relation to the maintenance of local tissue homeostasis and beyond their major protective function in teeth. There is growing evidence that macrophages are important ...
mTORC1 is a highly conserved kinase complex in eukaryotic cells that can sense and integrate stimulation information such as energy and nutrient status to regulate cell growth and autophagy. When nutrients are lacking in cancer cells, MiT/TFE family of transcription factors can escape mTORC1-...
For over a century, the origin of eukaryotes has been a topic of intense debate among scientists. Although it has become widely accepted that organelles such as the mitochondria and chloroplasts arose via endosymbiosis, the origin of the eukaryotic nucle
Protein folding and conformational stress in eukaryotic cells Yeasts and filamentous fungi are among the most frequently used eukaryotic cell systems for recombinant protein production, in part due to the performance of post-translational modifications that bacteria cannot perform, that are, in most cases...
[125,126]. The membrane protein Ctr1 is considered as the major entry pathway for copper into eukaryotic cells. Although it is currently the sole identified transporter for copper uptake, the existence of Ctr1-independent copper entry by as yet unknown transporters has been suggested [135,136]...
In eukaryotic cells, high expression of exogenous or endogenous proteins will lead to the accumulation of unfolded new peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which initiates a stress response of the ER, i.e., the UPR, owing to a disorder of folding or secretion. Therefore, to maintain...