Conclusions : These results indicate that culturing CECs in a 3D environment increases the activity of the sodium-potassium pump, which is further increased by adding IOP. A better understanding of how the in vivo environment influences CEC functionality may help to provide better tissue engineered ...
- Active transport: movement of molecules from low concentration to high concentration; - Example: Na+ and K+ are transported against their concentration gradients by a sodium-potassium pump. Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase (sodium–potassium adenosine triphosphatase, also known as the Na⁺/K⁺ pump or s...
aTo maintain the balance of sodium and potassium, all cell membranes incorporate sodium-potassium pumps that actively pump sodium out of the cell while allowing potassium back in. 要维护钠和钾平衡,所有细胞膜合并活跃地抽钠在细胞外面,当允许钾后面in.时的sodium-potassium泵浦。 [translate] ...
Figure 5. Renal transport of sodium. K+, potassium ion; H+, hydrogen ion; Na+, sodium ion; Na+–K+–ATPase pump, sodium–potassium–adenosine triphosphatase pump. The sodium exchanger moves Na+ into the cell in exchange for another cation (e.g., K+ and H+), sodium cotransporter coupl...
The calcium channel and the sodium-potassium pumps were then evaluated by measuring the levels of calcium, sodium, and potassium ions using an atomic absorption flame spectrophotometer. The results revealed that treatment with H2O2 or H2O2+ HA led to an intracellular increase of calcium, sodium, ...
Most cells have about a tenfold higher concentration of sodiumionsoutside than inside and a reverse concentration ratio of potassium ions. Free calcium ions can be 10,000 times more concentrated outside the cell than inside. Thus, sodium-, potassium-, and calcium-selective membrane channels, by...
Thus, an increase in extracellular potassium recruited more than one cell membrane pump and/or channel to decrease intracellular sodium with possibly one or more of these increasing sodium levels in cells. The model for homeostasis was that as extracellular K+ increases, the external cation site ...
有一种pump叫sodium-potassium pump. At first it's open towards the inside of the cell. (By the way, it's a protein) And then 3 sodium ions hop on with the help of one phosphate from ATP (adenosine triphosphate 娃坚持要敲全称) to provide energy, it changes its shape, so now it ...
Dunn, M. J., 1974, Red blood cell calcium and magnesium: Effects upon sodium and potassium transport and cellular morphology,Biochim. Biophys. Acta352:97–116. PubMedCASGoogle Scholar Eaton, J. W., Skelton, T. D., Swofford, H. S., Kolpin, C. E., and Jacob, H. S., 1973, Ele...
Some carriers are powered externally (i.e., by dephosphorylation of ATP) and can facilitate transport against the electrochemical gradient (i.e., NA/K ATPase, sodium–potassium pump). Other proteins build up channel structures providing access to a number of ions. Most of these channels are ...