The interplay of positive and negative interactions between drug-sensitive and resistant cells influences the effectiveness of treatment in heterogeneous cancer cell populations. Here, we study interactions between estrogen receptor-positive breast cance
In contrast to mitosis, meiosis does not generate genetic copies of the mother cell; instead, the nuclear DNA content is halved when two subsequent chromosome segregation events immediately follow one another without an intermittent S phase (Fig.1). The first meiotic division is crucially different ...
The growing cell wall in plants is a thin, strong and pliant extracellular layer, composed of cellulose microfibrils embedded in a hydrated matrix that is made of complex polysaccharides and a small amount of structural proteins. A cellulose microfibril consists of ∼36 (1,4)-linked β-D-...
Indeed, whilst FtsZ forms division rings that constrict around mitochondria in red algae, a Dynamin homologue is likely required to complete mitochondrial division from the cytoplasmic side [33], as is the case in plants that lack FtsZ [34]. The same rule holds in human cells, where bundled ...
The cambium tissue of hypocotyl vascular bundles is arranged in rings, typical of dicotyledonous plants (Fig. 1c), and as a meristem is capable of continuous cell division [50]. After co-culture with Agrobacterium for 48 h under 19℃, the GFP (green-fluorescent protein) and RFP (red-...
Apoptosis is a mode of programmed cell death. Under normal physiological conditions, more than 30 billion cells die and produce a large number of apoptotic vesicles in the human body every day. Normal cell apoptosis plays crucial roles in maintaining homeostasis, tissue development, and other ...
CDK controls the cell division in plants and animals; its activity is controlled through the association of regulatory cyclin subunit, determining the timing of CDK activation and promoting progression through the cell cycle [50]. The SER and MEL application promoted cell proliferation and biomass by...
cell—is sufficient to ensure persistent organ initiation. Cell division of the shoot apical cell, which resides at the top of the SAM, is always asymmetric. The new cell division plane of the shoot apical cell is spiral. After division, one daughter cell on the apical side is maintained ...
Light serves as the energy source for plants as well as a signal for growth and development during their whole life cycle. Seedling de-etiolation is the most dramatic manifestation of light-regulated plant development processes, as massive reprogramming of the plant transcriptome occurs at this time...
The mitotic spindle has a crucial role in ensuring the accurate segregation of chromosomes into the two daughter cells during cell division, which is paramount for maintaining genome integrity. It is a self-organized and dynamic macromolecular structure that is constructed from microtubules, microtubule...