PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an atomic cell and an atomic oscillator capable of reducing the occurrence of cracks in the lid when joining the main body and the lid. A main body having an opening and containing an alkali metal atom is joined to the main body via a bonding material ...
Cell death is a fundamental physiological process in all living organisms. Its roles extend from embryonic development, organ maintenance, and aging to the coordination of immune responses and autoimmunity. In recent years, our understanding of the mechanisms orchestrating cellular death and its consequen...
109,116 Three deiodinase enzymes act to remove an iodine atom from the outer (phenolic) ring or the inner (tyrosyl) ring of the tetraiodothyronine (T4) molecule, thus, respectively, activating or inactivating the hormone. The deiodinases are encoded by separate genes and share sequence homology...
or εN-hydroxyornithine and 1 mol of threonine. We have found that the exochelins have a much broader range of molecular weights, constitute several series of compounds with an identifiable difference in molecular weights, include only 2 mol of ε-N-hydroxylysine and are not peptides. A pept...
and the carbonyl oxygen ofthreonine, and also between the guanine N-3 atom and the NH group of the same threonine residue, helping to stabilize the actinomycin–DNA complex. Theproline,sarcosine, and methylvaline residues of thepentapeptideside chain are involved in further hydrophobic interactions...
Using the CHARMM-GUI membrane builder60,61, we generated 12.5 ×12.5 nm2patches of these model membranes, energy minimized them with a steepest descent algorithm until the largest force acting on any atom was below 1000 kJ mol−1and subsequently equilibrated them following the CHARMM-GU...
Francois Jacob, a Nobel Prize-winning biologist, made a wonderful point when he said, "With the discovery of the cell, biologists found their atom." So the cell sits at the perfect intersection between molecular and physical processes.
The purified hybrid protein of the invention may be used as a transport system to carry a detectable label into specific cells. The label which is attached to the hybrid protein molecule can be any conventional atom or molecule used for diagnostic labeling; examples are radioactive labels such ...
The red line denotes the main-chain carbon atom orientation of TAB1, and the green line denotes that of p38α. (f) The predicated key sites in the unique mode of TAB1/p38α interaction. The red line denotes the main-chain carbon atom orientation of TAB1, and the purple line denotes ...
Many types of cancer cells, including colorectal cancer cells (CRC), can simultaneously enhance glycolysis and repress the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which is called the Warburg effect. However, the detailed mechanisms of abnormal acti