With a significant concentration of anion vacancies this process becomes difficult, as is indicated by the increase in the activation energy of conductivity.The stabilization of ZrO 2 by oxides with a larger cation radius leads to a reduction in the level of conductivity of the solid solutions....
size, divergence, displacement and incident/reflection angle, it often causes irregularities in the measured power of the reflected beam even with negligible changes in the beam path or in the laser beam itself and thus, changing the ratio between probed power and the real power inside the ...
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Cation/Anion Substitution in Cu2ZnSnS4 for Improved Photovoltaic Performance received: 23 February 2016 accepted: 26 September 2016 Published: 17 October 2016 Balakrishna Ananthoju1,2, Jeotikanta Mohapatra3, Manoj K. Jangid4, D. Bahadur1,4, N....
Perovskites take the general chemical formula ABX3, with the compositions of interest in this chapter comprised of A as a monovalent cation, B as a divalent metal ion, and X as a halide anion. The common A-site cations are short organic cations MA, NH2CHNH2+ (formamidinium, FA) and/or...
3 Anion-exchange chromatography of antibodies 3.1 Principles and goal Anion-exchange chromatography (AEX) is a useful technique for the removal of acidic process-related impurities like host cell DNA, host cell protein, virus contamination, etc. At a neutral pH, these impurities are negatively charg...
(mix-cation) and anion-transmutated (mix-anion) compounds originate from their different trends of ionic radii as functions of their ionic state, i.e., for cations, the radius decreases with the increasing ionic state, whereas for anions, the radius increases with the increasing absolute ionic...
anion in Ni-rich Ni–Co–Al cathode have been reported. Herein, Mn 4+ cation and PO 4 3− polyanion co-doped Ni-rich LiNi 0.80 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 cathode materials were constructed via high temperature solid phase reaction using Ni 0.80 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 (OH) 2 pre- cursor (Fig...
To solve the problem, we need to determine the size of the cation for which a change in coordination number from 6 to 8 becomes possible in an ideal ionic crystal, given that the size of the Cl⁻ ion is 1.8 Å.1. Understand Coordina
The largest increase in the conductivity is observed for LiI doping, as expected from the larger anionic radius of the I− anion. (b) Corresponding composition dependence of the conductivity activation energy barrier as a function of alkali halide doping. Conductivity increases in these glasses ...
The F-to-O ratio appears less significant in determining the lattice constant, consistent with their small difference in ionic radius.25 Detailed refinements of the XRD patterns are presented in Figure S1. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) electron diffraction (ED) patterns of the as-...